谈如何提高公路工程施工投标文件的编制质量

随着《中华人民共和国招投标法》和《公路工程国内招标文件范本》的颁布和实施,工程建设招投标市场日趋规范化和法制化,从创建良好的投标工作环境和优质快速地编标两方面对如何提高投标文件的编制质量进行了分析探讨,以提高建设单位的中标机会。     

二维码位流长度最小化算法

目的 快速响应矩阵码(quick response code,QR code)简称二维码,是一种由深色和浅色模块组成的正方形符号。给定输入数据,不同编码算法可能输出不同的位流。位流长度决定了二维码的版本,进而决定了二维码每条边上的模块数量。减小二维码的版本能够在不减小模块大小的前提下节省面积,或者在不改变面积的前提下增大模块大小。为了减小二维码面积、提高二维码识读率,本文提出了位流长度最小化算法。方法 首先,根据二维码位流可以分段切换编码模式的特点,归纳了6种编码状态;然后,根据二维码位流编码标准推导了状态转移关系,从而将位流长度最小化问题转换成动态规划问题;最后,通过求解动态规划问题,计算出最短位流。针对统一资源定位符(uniform resource locator,URL)类型数据,利用其部分字段对大小写不敏感、部分字段可以转义的性质,提出了统一资源定位符的最短位流计算算法,进一步缩短位流。结果 本文构建了一个测试集,包含603个编码了非URL数据的二维码,以及1 679个编码了URL数据的二维码。实验结果表明,本文算法与二维码标准相比,对于非URL测试集,位流长度减小的二维码占比9.1%,版本减小的二维码占比1.2%;对于URL测试集,位流长度减小的二维码占比98.4%,版本减小的二维码占比31.7%。结论 二维码位流长度最小化算法输出的位流长度最短,输出的二维码版本最小,能在兼容标准二维码解码器且不影响纠错能力的前提下提升二维码的数据容量。同时,本文算法运行速度快,易于使用,没有需要调节的参数。     

自由曲面结构形态创构方法——高度调整法的建立与其在工程设计中的应用

曲面结构(如壳体)的受力性能主要取决于结构的曲面形状。在实际工程中,常规的简单曲面一般较难有效满足结构的受力合理性。利用曲面高度参数与结构应变能之间的关系,提出了一种自由曲面创构方法来保证结构达到“薄”而“刚”的统一。该方法基于有限元法,通过计算应变能对曲面高度的微分,并根据应变能变化的敏感程度对曲面高度进行调整,最终得到一个结构应变能最小的合理结构形态。利用该方法,可以通过调整设计参数(约束条件,空间条件)得到多种合理曲面形态,供设计人员参考。同时,也可以对建筑意图所设定的初始形状进行修改,求得近似合理的结构几何形状。工程设计实例表明,该方法所得到的曲面结构基本以薄膜应力为主,而且能保证足够的刚度。     

MATLAB软件在土木工程数值计算中的应用

MATLAB软件具有简单易学、代码短小、计算功能强大等特点，适用于数据处理。就土木工程中的一些数值计算问题，借助MATLAB软件帮助求解，展示了MATLAB软件解决数值计算问题简捷、快速和准确的优势。     

一类全系数模糊规划问题及其求解方法

模糊规划是不确定规划的重要一类,对许多带有模糊信息的实际问题都能进行有效地处理,对模糊规划的求解方法进行讨论不仅具有理论意义,还具有实际意义.为寻求一类全系数模糊规划问题的求解方法,利用三角(或梯形)模糊数的排序准则并结合禁忌搜索算法设计了一种求解系数均为三角(或梯形)模糊数的规划模型的人工智能算法.数值算例表明笔者所提方法行之有效.     

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Artificial lift methods (ALMs) lift the accumulated fluids from horizontal shale-gas-producing wells and help sustain well performance. An artificial lift infrastructure plan includes the selection of ALMs and their operating schedule. This paper presents two discrete-time large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming models to solve the artificial lift infrastructure planning problem. Two equivalent mixed-integer linear programming models are formulated using the special structure of the nonlinear terms. A set of valid inequalities is defined to tighten the models and shorten solution times to two orders of magnitude, considering well production limitations. We incorporate endogenous uncertainty in ALM-dependent production rates and exogenous uncertainty in shale gas prices into the models. For a hypothetical case study under only endogenous uncertainties, the value of the stochastic solution is 5%. For the same case study, the exogenous uncertainty in gas prices does not change the optimum solution.     

Optimization of a multiperiod refinery planning problem under uncertainty

Uncertainty in refinery planning presents a significant challenge in determining the day-to-day operations of an oil refinery. Deterministic modeling techniques often fail to account for this uncertainty, potentially resulting in reduced profit. The stochastic programming framework explicitly incorporates parameter uncertainty in the problem formulation, thus giving preference to robust solutions. In this work, a nonlinear, multiperiod, industrial refinery problem is extended to a two-stage stochastic problem, formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program. A crude-oil sequencing case study is developed with binary scheduling decisions in both stages of the stochastic programming problem. Solution via a decomposition strategy based on the generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) algorithm is proposed. The binary decisions are designated as complicating variables that, when fixed, reduce the full-space problem to a series of independent scenario subproblems. Through the application of the GBD algorithm, a feasible mixed-integer solution is obtained that is more robust to uncertainty than its deterministic counterpart.     

Simultaneous synthesis of heat-integrated water networks by a nonlinear program: Considering the wastewater regeneration reuse

Heat-integrated water network synthesis (HIWNS) has received considerable attention for the advantages of reducing water and energy consumptions. HIWNS is effective in water and energy sustainability. Mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) is usually applied in HIWNS. In this work, a novel nonlinear programming (NLP) was proposed for HIWNS by considering wastewater reuse and wastewater regeneration reuse. Integer variables are changed to non-linear equation by the methods for identifying stream roles and denoting the existence of process matches. The model is tested by examples with single and multiple regeneration unit problems. The testing results showed that the NLP is an alternative method for HIWNS with wastewater reuse and regeneration reuse.     

医院建筑设计的前期策划

无论是医院建筑物的主体空间或是医疗设备的设置，都需充分利用，才能提高使用效率，降低成本。建筑设计的前期策划就是为业主制订详细的任务书及远近期总体规划，使之有计划、有步骤地逐步过渡，实现医院的现代化。     

供热系统优化规划方法研究

提出了适用于供热系统的两级优化规划方法，即第一级的布局优化和第二级管网的多目标优化方法。运用最优化理论建立的布局优化模型和管网系统多目标优化模型及采用的求解方法，适用于所有具有“管一站”网络特征的系统。